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ADHD Medications – What Are the Side Effects? Many people suffering from ADHD take medication for the condition. It can help alleviate symptoms, but it also can cause side effects. If you have side effects, talk to your GP about them. The most frequently prescribed medication prescribed by healthcare professionals for ADHD is stimulants. These medications increase levels of brain chemicals known as neurotransmitters that control the attention span and behavior. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate is a stimulant of first choice for treating ADHD in both children and adults is the most frequently prescribed medication. It works by increasing activity in the parts of the brain that assist manage attention and behaviour. Methylphenidate can also be used to treat other conditions, such as narcolepsy. It can help those suffering from narcolepsy stay awake during the day and improve their ability to concentrate and pay attention. This medication has an extremely high risk of abuse and is considered a Schedule II drug by the US Drug Enforcement Agency. Following the exact dosage prescribed can reduce the potential for abuse as well as other adverse effects. Methylphenidate can cause psychotic symptoms in certain people. It can also exacerbate behavioral problems and tics in some people with bipolar disorder or Tourette's syndrome. Patients with these conditions should inform their doctor prior to taking this medication. It is important to inform your doctor if you have any other health issues or are allergic to any foods or dyes (such as tartrazine, which is a yellow dye present in processed foods and in some medications; if you're taking Adhansia XR). Methylphenidate may interact with certain drugs, including opioid medicines antidepressants and monoamine oxidase inhibitors, like isocarboxazid (Marplan) and linezolid (Zyvox) Methylene blue, phenelzine (Nardil), rasagiline (Azilect) selegiline (Eldepryl, Emsam, Zelapar) or tranylcypromine (Parnate). It's also important to stay clear of alcohol and other stimulant drugs when taking methylphenidate. adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder medication can have a dangerous effect on your blood pressure or heart rate. The methylphenidate tablet with immediate release (Ritalin) as well as the oral disintegrating capsule with a long-acting mechanism and chewable tablet (Quillichew-ER and Cotempla XR-ODT) as well as chewable tablets with a long-acting mechanism (Quillichew-ER and Cotempla-XR -ODT), contain Phenylalanine. This could be dangerous if a genetic condition known as phenylketonuria occurs. Bupropion Bupropion is an antidepressant medicine that works in the brain to improve mood and reduce symptoms of ADHD. It can also be used to treat depression and seasonal affective disorder (SAD) which is a kind of depression that manifests during the winter months of autumn and winter. It is also used to aid smokers in quitting by decreasing nicotine cravings and withdrawal effects. Bupropion has been proven to improve ADHD symptoms in adults in several studies. The fixed effect RR pooled for week-6 improvement (using the criteria of a clinically significant improvement of 30% or greater on the CGI) is 1.14 (95%CI 0.95-1.37). For the overall response, this equals 52 percent of the bupropion group and 37% in the placebo group. Bupropion could cause serious and even life-threatening interactions when used in conjunction with other medications. These include antidepressants and sedatives and blood pressure medications. It may also increase the risk of having seizures in people with a history of seizure or high blood pressure. It is not recommended for certain medical conditions, and women who are pregnant or nursing should not take it. Bupropion is available under the brand-name medications Wellbutrin SR, Wellbutrin XL, Zyban, Budeprion SR, Aplenzin, and Forfivo XL. It is also available in generic form. Tricyclic antidepressants Tricyclic antidepressants (abbreviated TCAs) are a group of drugs that affect the brain's chemical. They were among the first antidepressants to be developed. Although they are not used as a first line treatment for depression anymore, they may still be effective for some people. They work by blocking the reuptakes of dopamine as well as serotonin, which increases the amount of serotonin that is available to neurons. They can be used to treat a variety of other diseases, such as pain syndromes, enuresis like fibromyalgia, and the phantom-limb syndrome. TCAs can be prescribed as a single or together with stimulants and they can have a positive impact on symptoms of ADHD. They can alleviate symptoms that are core to the disorder and decrease anxiety, depression and impulsiveness. They may also help manage tics. These are uncontrollable repetitive actions or sounds like the sound of a throat clearing or blinking. TCAs can cause adverse effects, including dry mouth, sedation, and constipation, and may increase the risk of heart problems. They can interact with other medications, including anticholinergics, and should be avoided by pregnant women. These medications are also known to cause teratogenic reactions in animals and they can cross the placenta. If you have any concerns discuss it with your doctor, as there are newer antidepressants with a safer adverse-effect profile. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) SSRIs are a class of antidepressants that hinder serotonin reuptake in neurons and increase the amount of serotonin for signaling. They also reduce anxiety and reduce impulsive behaviors. They are utilized as an adhd medication because they improve symptoms in certain individuals and are effective alongside other medications. Examples of SSRIs are paroxetine, sertraline, fluoxetine and citalopram. They exhibit linear pharmacokinetics and have a low clearance from the human body. However they are extensively metabolized by CYP450 enzymes in the liver. This results in varying blood concentrations. They are also prescribed to treat various disorders, including major depressive disorder, bulimia nervosa, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The SSRIs fluoxetine, escitalopram, and sertraline can help to reduce PTSD symptoms. However, they don't seem to be effective for other PTSD symptoms. The SSRIs can trigger a rare side effect of sexual dysfunction. If you are thinking about taking one of these drugs, it is important to speak with your doctor. Many people have to try several different kinds of ADHD medication before they find the one that is suitable for them. The development and research of new medications is ongoing. It is important to tell your doctor about all medications you use. Selective norepinephrine Reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). If stimulant medications don't work for adults suffering from ADHD Doctors often prescribe an antidepressant known as a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI). These medications increase the levels of two brain chemicals called norepinephrine and serotonin. They also help improve mood and decrease anxiety and depression. The SNRIs are similar in their side effects to TCAs but are safer. They are used to treat many conditions, including anxiety disorders and chronic pain such as fibromyalgia and nerve pain. Sometimes, they are used to treat depression, too. The SNRIs include duloxetine (Cymbalta) and venlafaxine (Effexor). These medications block the reabsorption process of norepinephrine within the brain that is a normal reaction after neurotransmission. This causes a greater than normal release of phasic. The increased levels of norepinephrine help improve mood and concentration. The SNRIs haven't been approved by the FDA to treat ADHD However, some doctors prescribe them as an alternative stimulant. They are usually taken orally as pills but they can also be used as liquids or patches. In April 2021, the FDA approved an oral SNRI known as viloxazine (Qelbree) to treat ADHD in kids and adolescents. It is not a controlled medication since it doesn't have the potential of being abused. Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) SNRIs are antidepressants that affect the levels of serotonin as well as norepinephrine in the brain. They are used to treat anxiety and depression disorders, but can also help control symptoms of ADHD. SNRI medications such as venlafaxine or duloxetine have been demonstrated in several studies to significantly reduce scores on different ADHD questionnaires. However, SNRIs can increase a person's blood pressure, and can interact with certain drugs. It is crucial to consult with a doctor prior to taking these drugs. Additionally, improperly handled medication can cause harm to both humans and animals. It is therefore important to follow the correct disposal guidelines. SSRIs or SNRIs haven't been approved by the FDA for treating ADHD However, doctors may prescribe them off-label. They are safe and effective, as well as having less negative effects than stimulants. Speak to your doctor and discuss your child's symptoms. SNRIs can raise the body's levels of serotonin as well as norepinephrine however they aren't suitable for everyone. Women who are nursing or pregnant should stay clear of taking SNRIs because they can be absorbed through breast milk. They should not be used by people who suffer from high blood pressure, liver issues or other cardiovascular issues. Selective dopamine reuptake inhibitors (DARPIs) Many people with ADHD discover that medication can help increase their focus and concentration. They may also experience less impulsive behaviors. The medication is typically combined with behavior therapy and skills training, which aid people to learn to control their symptoms. It takes time to determine the right medication and dose for each person. During this time, doctors will monitor the physical reactions of patients to find an equilibrium between the effects of side effects and the benefits. Stimulant medications, such as methylphenidate, boost the activity of certain brain chemicals that control memory and attention. Although they are generally safe and effective for most people, they can trigger serious side effects, such as decreased appetite and difficulty sleeping. These side effects typically disappear within a few days as your body gets used to the medication. Non-stimulant drugs are also available for children and adults. They take longer to start working, but they are able to increase concentration and control of impulses. These include alpha-2-adrenergic agonists (atomoxetine and viloxazine) and the guanfacine. Antidepressants are also effective in treating ADHD. They can increase the neurotransmitter norepinephrine in the brain and help with impulsive behavior and depression. Bupropion is an example of an antidepressant used for ADHD. It was prescribed “off-label” but drug makers developed extended-release versions, and the FDA approved its use as a treatment.